Omega-3 fatty acids are a set of polyunsaturated fats that the body needs to function. Your body cannot produce these important fatty acids on its own, they must be consumed through food or supplements. They also provide some major health benefits! The two crucial Omega-3s are DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), primarily found in the fatty layers of cold-water fish and shellfish. The third important Omega-3 fatty acid is ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), which is found in plant sources such as kale, spinach, nuts and seeds.

ALA is the most common Omega-3 in the average American diet. While ALA can be converted into EPA or DHA internally, this is an extremely inefficient process and most ALA is instead used by your body as a source of energy.

EPA is used by the body to product eicosanoids, which reduce inflammation. EPA concentrations are highest in herring, salmon, eel, shrimp and sturgeon. Grass-fed animal products like dairy and meats also contain EPA, although in much lower amount.

DHA is arguably the most important of the Omega-3 fatty acids and is a structural component of your skin and eye retinas. It is vital for brain development in children, as well as ongoing brain function in adults. It can also boost heart health and possibly lower LDL cholesterol. DHA is found in the highest amounts in seafood.

Omega-3s are generally not stored to use for energy, rather they are used in many bodily processes including reducing inflammation, hearth health and brain function. Many health issues are at root caused by inflammation. Deficiency in Omega-3s may be associated with depression, heart disease, arthritis and many other health issues.

Most American diets are lacking in Omega-3s, so adding them back in to the diet may help to balance things out and keep your body functioning the way nature intended!